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Corporate & Commercial

Partnership Firm Registration

Drafting of partnership deeds and registration of partnership firms under the Indian Partnership Act 1932.

Overview

About this area of practice

A partnership firm is constituted by two or more persons who agree to carry on a business in common with a view to profit. The Indian Partnership Act 1932 governs the rights and obligations of partners inter se and with third parties.

A partnership firm does not have a separate legal personality. Partners are jointly and severally liable for the debts of the firm. Registration is optional but unregistered firms suffer significant procedural disadvantages, including an inability to sue third parties or other partners to enforce contractual rights arising out of the partnership.

LexWiser drafts partnership deeds tailored to the specific business and partner arrangements, and assists with registration of the firm with the Registrar of Firms in the relevant state.

Scope

Work typically involved

Engagements in this area generally involve some or all of the following work. The actual scope is set out in the engagement letter once the matter is understood.

01 Drafting the partnership deed setting out capital contribution, profit and loss sharing ratios, management roles, decision-making protocols, admission and retirement of partners, and dispute resolution.
02 Execution of the deed on stamp paper of appropriate value as required under the state Stamp Act.
03 Filing the application for registration with the Registrar of Firms of the state in which the firm has its principal place of business.
04 Obtaining a PAN for the firm from the Income Tax Department.
05 Advising on tax registration (GST, professional tax) and ancillary licences as required.
Approach

How an engagement proceeds

01

Consultation

Discussion of the proposed business, partners, capital contribution, profit-sharing and management arrangements.

02

Deed drafting

Preparation of the partnership deed, reflecting the agreed terms and the requirements of the Partnership Act.

03

Execution

Execution of the deed on stamp paper of the appropriate denomination, with signatures of all partners and witnesses.

04

Registration

Filing of Form 1 with the Registrar of Firms together with the deed and prescribed fee. The Registrar issues a Certificate of Registration on satisfaction of requirements.

05

Post-registration

Application for PAN, opening of a bank account in the name of the firm, and any sector-specific registrations.

Considerations

Points to consider

Optional but advisable

Registration of a partnership firm is optional under the Partnership Act but is strongly advisable. An unregistered firm cannot sue third parties or partners to enforce contractual rights.

Joint and several liability

Partners are personally liable for the debts of the firm. Where limited liability is required, an LLP is a more suitable structure.

Stamp duty

Stamp duty on the partnership deed varies by state. The duty is paid before the deed is signed and is not refundable.

Conversion to LLP or company

A partnership firm may be converted to an LLP or to a private limited company by following the procedure prescribed under the LLP Act or the Companies Act respectively.

Frequently Asked

About this matter

Is registration of a partnership firm mandatory? +

No. Registration is optional. However, an unregistered firm faces significant procedural disabilities, including the inability to enforce contractual rights through suit. Registration is therefore recommended.

What is the minimum and maximum number of partners? +

A partnership must have at least two partners. The maximum is fifty under the Companies (Miscellaneous) Rules 2014.

Can a partnership firm be registered later if it was originally unregistered? +

Yes. A firm may be registered at any time after its constitution by filing the prescribed application with the Registrar of Firms.

What happens if a partner wishes to retire or a new partner is admitted? +

Any change in the constitution of the firm requires execution of a supplementary deed and intimation to the Registrar of Firms.

How is profit shared in a partnership firm? +

Profits are shared in the ratio agreed in the partnership deed. In the absence of an agreement, profits are shared equally.

Related Services

Matters often handled alongside this one

LLP Registration
Limited Liability Partnership under the LLP Act 2008.
Learn more →
Private Limited Company
Incorporation under the Companies Act 2013 via SPICe+.
Learn more →
GST Registration
Registration under the Central Goods and Services Tax Act 2017.
Learn more →

Discuss this matter with counsel

Every engagement begins with a confidential consultation. Schedule one to understand the scope, approach and fees for your specific matter.

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